Light and ventilation Guidelines for Bidar university.
Efficient utilization of light and ventilation is essential for institutional spaces. Universities benefit from spacious, well-lit environments, and optimal design leverages natural lighting and ventilation advantages. Given that Universities primarily operate during daylight hours, the thoughtful incorporation of natural light and wind can sufficiently meet the needs of students, reducing reliance on electricity and contributing positively to the environment.
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List of contents
1. General guidelines for the university
2. Classrooms, study spaces, Art room, and administrative offices
4. Music studio, Auditoriums, and Lecture halls
6. Library
7. Gymnasium
8. Sick Bay
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General guidelines.
1. Orientation: Orient the building along East- West axis to minimize heat gain.
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2. Light colour external walls: Use a light shade for the exterior wall color. Light tones, like white, have lower heat absorption, reflecting the majority of heat and effectively maintaining a cooler temperature inside the house.
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3. Use Evaporative cooling: Position water features like fountains, ponds, or small water bodies strategically within the design. Locate them in areas where prevailing winds can carry evaporated moisture to desired spaces, facilitating the cooling effect.
The Karanja reservoir is quite close to the university. Place and orient the buildings strategically to harness winds carrying moisture from the reservoir.
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4. Plant deciduous trees: These trees help protect the building during the summer and in the winter they shed leaves and allow the building to heat up.
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Classrooms, study spaces, art room and administrative offices.
Inadequate ventilation in rooms can lead to sick building syndrome.
The term sick-building syndrome refers to the situation where staying in a certain room or building can cause and intensify negative health conditions in the user, leading to weakness or even illness. This combination of ailments, called a syndrome, includes irritation of the eyes, respiratory tract or skin, nausea and headaches, discomfort, irritation, fatigue and concentration problems. These symptoms are closely related to improper microenvironment, especially poor air quality.
So, it is important that the classrooms and offices should have good ventilation so that there can be good air quality as well as adequate lighting.
Classrooms and offices can have Clerestory windows, Casement Jali windows, Roof vents, Skylights and Windcatchers to improve light and ventilation.
Laboratories
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Proper ventilation is essential for the safety and health of laboratory workers and the integrity of experiments. It ensures that hazardous materials and chemicals are removed from the laboratory and that fresh air is brought in.
air quality can have a direct (and unwanted) impact upon any research carried out in the laboratory. Inadequate ventilation can lead to health hazards for laboratory workers, such as respiratory problems and chemical exposure, it is vital that all members of the research team are able to work in a comfortable environment that’s conducive to productivity.
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Natural Ventilation cannot always be used in labs because sometimes certain studies need to be performed at a particular temperature and humidity. In these cases, mechanical ventilation will need to be used.
It is hard to manage and control natural ventilation. The effectiveness of natural ventilation can be dependent on things like climate, building design and human behavior, as well as the speed and direction of wind on any given day. critical research may be impacted by fluctuations in temperature and humidity or contaminated by introduction of pollutants in unfiltered air. Therefore, it is not possible to incorporate passive ventilation techniques in a laboratory setting.
Mechanical ventilation, such as air conditioning units, can be controlled more rigorously than natural ventilation. It can help control the temperature and quality of the air entering the laboratory. These systems can be used to control the humidity and the general comfort of the environment.
The air balance of the room cannot be adjusted unless there is mechanically generated supply and exhaust air.
Ventilation guidelines of lab
1. The room should have mechanically generated supply air and exhaust air. All lab rooms shall use 100% outside air and exhaust to the outside. There shall be no return of fume hood and laboratory exhaust back into the building.
The air balance of the room cannot be adjusted unless there is mechanically generated supply and exhaust air.
2. Electrical appliances often exhaust heat into a room (e.g., REVCO freezer, incubator, and autoclave). Failure to take this effect into consideration may result in an artificially warm working environment. Windows must not be opened for a cooling effect since the room air balance will be altered.
3. Cabinetry or other structures or equipment must not block or reduce effectiveness of supply or exhaust air. Many supply diffusers and room exhaust room outlets are located along laboratory walls. Storage of boxes near these openings may obstruct the circulation of air and supply or exhaust air functioning.
4. Ventilation Rates
General laboratories using hazardous materials shall have a minimum of 6 air changes per hour (ACH). Exhaust ventilation shall be continuous.
The Fire Code requires exhaust ventilation at 1 cfm/ft2 of floor area for dispensing, use, and storage of hazardous materials in buildings operating above the maximum allowable quantity (MAQ). In a room with a 10 ft. ceiling, this equates to 6 ACH. The Mechanical Code requires a minimum exhaust ventilation rate of 1 cfm/ft2 for Educational Science Laboratories.
some labs may be candidates for reduced airflow changes (from 6 ACH to 4 ACH) when unoccupied during non-business hours.
Many laboratory buildings now have laser rooms and rooms with analytic tools that do not require hazardous materials. Such rooms have been permitted with 3 to 4 ACH. Careful consideration should be given to not only current, but also future use of the laboratory as research needs change. Without adequate exhaust ventilation, future use of hazardous materials in the space will be restricted or require potentially costly retrofitting.
5. Laboratories must be maintained under negative pressure in relation to the corridor or other less hazardous areas. Clean rooms requiring positive pressure should have entry vestibules provided with door-closing mechanisms so that both doors are not open at the same time.
6. Where appropriate, general ventilation systems should be designed, such that, in the event of an accident, they can be shut down and isolated to contain radioactivity.
7. Fume hoods should not be the sole means of room air exhaust. General room exhaust outlets shall be provided where necessary to maintain minimum air change rates and temperature control.
8. Operable windows should be prohibited in new lab buildings and should not be used on modifications to existing buildings.
9. Local exhaust ventilation (e.g., “snorkels” or “elephant trunks”), other than fume hoods, should be designed to adequately control exposures to hazardous chemicals. An exhausted manifold or manifolds with connections to local exhaust may be provided as needed to collect potentially hazardous exhausts from gas chromatographs, vacuum pumps, excimer lasers, or other equipment which can produce potentially hazardous air pollutants. The contaminant source needs to be enclosed as much as possible, consistent with operational needs, to maximize control effectiveness and minimize air handling difficulties and costs.
Enclosure minimizes the volume of airflow needed to attain any desired degree of containment control. This reduces fan size, motor horsepower, make up air volume, and make up air conditioning costs.
10. Hoods should be labelled to show which fan or ventilation system they are connected to.
11. Air exhausted from laboratory work areas shall not pass unducted through other areas.
Music studio, auditorium and lecture halls
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Music studios and auditoriums will need to be soundproofed to prevent sound from escaping or getting in. This way, music can be recorded without disturbing Neighbours and having to deal with external sounds.
Direct sunlight and exposure to temperature fluctuations or wind can damage a piano’s finish, dry out the soundboard, and cause it to go out of tune more quickly. Modern double-pane windows alleviate some of the direct sunlight concerns, but regardless, it is better if the room doesn't have many windows. It will also be easier to soundproof if there are few or no windows.
The doors and windows must be soundproofed. Any openings, even small ones, that aren’t sealed will leak. It’s these leaks that can undermine all of your hard (and expensive) soundproofing efforts.
Due to the above reasons, it is better to avoid using passive lighting and ventilation strategies in a music studio or auditorium.
Computer labs
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It will not be possible to incorporate passive ventilation techniques in Computer labs as they will need to be air conditioned.
Computers in the lab should not be exposed to dust as the fans of the computer should not be contaminated with dust.
When dust lands on small electrical parts, it will raise their temperature. The dust acts as an insulator, keeping air from cooling the part. Since microprocessors are already running hot, adding dust to the equation is simply prohibited. Air conditioning, especially with a filter, is needed to provide cool clean air, bypassing the problem of unintended heating because of dust.
Computer labs can have higher levels of heat over comparably sized rooms. The heat that a small computer lab has is concentrated, plentiful and bothersome. For controlled laboratory testing with software that puts the computers through stress tests, this heat must be eliminated.
The computers themselves will also have shorter lifespans if they are subject to an overabundance of heat.
Because the adverse effect of heat can not be a negative factor for testing software, air conditioners are indispensable for computer labs. The software will not likely be used in a high-heat office or home. It is likely to be used on one computer by itself. The testing environment needs to match the environment of the future customer. For this reason, the air must be kept cool in the lab, to accurately parallel how the software will be used on future computers
Library
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The comfort of the occupants and the maintenance of optimum airflow is an important aspect that is required to be considered for a library. The users or visitors of a library require an optimum amount of light for visual comfort for a comfortable reading experience. In addition, the circulation of fresh air provided through openings and clean air ducts is required for the well-being of the library building as well as the occupants.
A well-ventilated library that allows an effective exchange of indoor air with fresh outdoor air provides fresh air movement and cooling. As a result, it eliminates the recirculation of air that carries bacteria and other harmful microbes in the absence of exchange of indoor air with outdoor air.
Casement Jali windows, Clerestory windows and Windcatchers can be used to facilitate good ventilation.
Skylights and clerestory windows will improve lighting.
Roof vents will allow hot air to escape, preventing excessive heat buildup. This helps keep the temperature inside more comfortable.
They also help prevent moisture buildup, which can lead to condensation, Mould, and mildew problems.
Gymnasium
Adequate ventilation in gymnasiums is important for several reasons, as it directly impacts the health, comfort, and performance of individuals using the facility.
1. Air quality - During physical activities, people breathe more rapidly and deeply, leading to an increased intake of air. Proper ventilation ensures that the air in the gymnasium is fresh and free from pollutants such as dust, allergens, and odours.
2. Temperature Control: Effective ventilation helps regulate the temperature inside the gym. Physical activities generate heat, and without proper ventilation, the space can become uncomfortably hot and stuffy.
3. Moisture Control: Intense physical activities can lead to perspiration, and if not properly ventilated, the moisture can accumulate in the air and on surfaces. Excess moisture can create a breeding ground for mould and mildew, leading to unpleasant odours. Ventilation helps control humidity levels, reducing the risk of mould growth and creating a more hygienic environment.
4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Removal: As people breathe, they release carbon dioxide. In an enclosed space like a gymnasium with a high occupancy, carbon dioxide levels can rise, leading to feelings of drowsiness, fatigue, and decreased cognitive function. Proper ventilation ensures the efficient removal of CO2.
6. Enhancing Performance: Improved air quality and a comfortable environment contribute to the overall well-being of individuals using the gymnasium. Users are likely to feel more energized, focused, and motivated, leading to better performance during physical activities.
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Windcatchers, Casement Jali windows, Clerestory windows and roof vents can help facilitate light and ventilation.
Sick bay
Ventilation is very important in a sick bay. Inadequate ventilation can lead to the accumulation of pathogens in the air, increasing the risk of cross-infection among individuals in the room.
Sufficient sunlight is also crucial in a sickbay to eliminate germs. Sunlight has natural disinfectant properties due to the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Sunlight is also a source of vitamin D. Vitamin D is known to play a crucial role in immune system function, helping the body fight off infections.
Exposure to sunlight, has been linked to improved mood and well-being. Patients in the sick bay, as well as healthcare staff, may experience enhanced emotional states when exposed to natural light. This can contribute to a positive healing environment and potentially faster recovery.
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Windcatchers, Casement Jali windows, Clerestory windows, Skylights and Roof vents can help facilitate light and ventilation.